What safety equipment is required for motorcycle passengers?

The requirement for motorcycle passengers to wear a helmet and proper clothing is fundamental for ensuring their safety on the road. Helmets are crucial as they significantly reduce the risk of head injuries in the event of an accident. They are designed to absorb impact and protect the rider's skull and brain. Proper clothing, which includes long pants, jackets, gloves, and boots, provides additional protection against abrasions and impacts. It also helps to shield the passenger from adverse weather conditions and increases visibility on the road.

This choice encompasses the most comprehensive safety measures for motorcycle passengers, offering both head protection and body coverage, whereas the other options focus on less comprehensive or specific protective gear. For instance, wearing only a reflective vest does not provide the necessary protection during a crash. Similarly, gloves and goggles, while helpful, are not sufficient alone to ensure the safety of a passenger. Just wearing a helmet without proper clothing exposes the rider to significant risks. Thus, the combination of a helmet and suitable attire represents the best practice for passenger safety on motorcycles.